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Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston (MYRTACEAE) Common namesKannada – Kuntala, Kuntu nerale. Description: Small trees; bark smooth, grey. Leaves opposite, elliptic – obovate, up to 11 x 6 cm, narrowed at base, obtuse or subacute at apex, coriaceous; tertiary veins prominently elevated on lower surface; petiole ca 5 mm long. Flowers small, in terminal corymbose cymes, white,…

Symplocos racemosa Roxb. (SYMPLOCACEAE) Common namesKannada: Bala loddugina mara.Tulu & Malayalam: Pachotti.Sanskrit: Batabhadra, Balipriya.Tamil: Velli-lethi.Telugu: Lodduga, Sapara.English: Sapphire berry, Sweet leaf. Description: Evergreen trees, 10-15 m tall; bark often marked with white patches. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 8-16 x 3-6.5 cm, narrowed at base, acute or acuminate at…

Strychnos nuxvomica L. (LOGANIACEAE) Common namesKannada: Hemmushti, Kasaraka.Tulu: Kayar.Malayalam: Kanjiram.Sanskrit: Dirghapatra, Vishamushti.Tamil: Etti, Kanjirai.Telugu: Mushti, Mushidi. Description: Large deciduous trees, up to 30 m tall with short sharp axillary spines; bark thin, grey, smooth or rough with lenticels. Leaves broadly elliptic or orbicular, 7-15 x 4-8 cm, attenuate at base, obtuse or acute at apex,…

Sterculia urens Roxb. (STERCULIACEAE) Common namesKannada: Bhutali, Kempudale.Malayalam: Thondi.Tamil: Kavalam, Senthanaku, Vellaippulali.Telugu: Tabsu. Description: The trees can reach heights of up to 15 meters, with young parts exhibiting varying degrees of pubescence. The bark is white, smooth, with an outer layer that peels off in papery sheets, revealing an inner fibrous texture. Leaves alternate, crowded…

Sterculia guttata Roxb. ex DC. (STERCULIACEAE) Common namesKannada: Jenu kathala, Hulitaradu mara.Malayalam: Kithondi, Kavalam.Tamil: Kavali, Thondi. Description: Trees, up to 20 m tall; bark much cracked, ash coloured, inner fibrous, rough with warts outside; young shoots clothed with stellate-tomentum. Leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, ovate-elliptic or obovate, up to 25 x 15 cm, subcordate, rounded or subtruncate…

Spatholobus purpureus Benth. ex Baker (PAPILIONACEAE) Description: A large climbing shrub. Leaves 3-foliolate, rachis ca 14 cm long; petioles 3-7 cm long; leaflets oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong, ca 16 x 9 cm, rounded at base, shortly acuminate at apex, glabrous on both the surfaces; main nerves 6-8 pairs. Flowers numerous in terminal and axillary leafy panicles.…

Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz (ANACARDIACEAE) Common namesKannada: Amate mara, Ambate mara, Kaadu amate.Tulu: Ambatte mara.Malayalam: Manpuli.Tamil: Pullipulanh.Telugu: Kondamanidi.English: Hog-plum. Description: Deciduous trees, 20-25 m tall with smooth, grey bark. Leaves usually crowded at the ends of the branches, alternate, imparipinaate, 18-50 cm long; petioles 5-15 cm long; leaflets 4-5 pairs, subopposite, elliptic-oblong, 6-18×5-8.5 cm,…

Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell. – Arg. (EUPHORBIACEAE) Common namesKannada: Bili sooli gida, Sooli.Malayalam: PerinklavuSanskrit: Nilishila.Tamil: Pulanji.Telugu: Tella purugudu. Description: Erect, rigid, much branched shrubs up to 5 m tall; branchlets angular, slender, usually ending in sharp spines. Leaves alternate, obovate to elliptic, up to 2.5 x 1.5 cm, acute or cuneate at base, emarginated at…

Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms (ARALIACEAE) Description: Large stragglers/climbing glabrous shrubs with grey shining bark. Leaves digitate or palmately compound, crowded at the ends of branchlets; leaflets 3-7 (commonly 5) elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, 7-19 x 5-9 cm rounded at base, acuminate at apex, coriaceous, glabrous; petioles 7-20 cm long, stout; petiolules 2.5-5 cm long;…